Research

Archive

Piper ME, Piasecki TM, Federman EB, Bolt DM, Smith SS, Fiore MC, & Baker TB. (2004). A multiple motives approach to tobacco dependence: the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 139-154.

Sims, TH, Meurer, JR, Sims, M, & Layde, P.M. (2004). Factors associated with physician interventions to address adolescent smoking. Health Services Research, 39, 571-585. 

Barker, D.C., Orleans, T.C., Halpin, H.A., & Barry, M.B. (2004). So near, yet so far: Tobacco dependence treatment for pregnant women. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, Supplement 2, S259-S267. 

Bock, B.C., Graham, A.L., Sciamanna, C.N., Krishnamoorthy, J., Whiteley, J., Carmona-Barros, R., et al. (2004). Smoking cessation treatment on the Internet: Content, quality, and usability. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, 207-219.

Gulliver, S.B., Wolfsdorf, B.A., & Morissette, S.B. (2004). Treating tobacco dependence: Development of a smoking cessation treatment program for outpatient mental health clinics. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11, 315-330.

McClure, J.B. (2004). Motivating prepartum smoking cessation: A consideration of biomarker feedback. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, Supplement 2, S153-S161.

Steinberg, M.L., Williams, J.M., & Ziedonis, D.M. (2004). Financial implications of cigarette smoking among individuals with schizophrenia. Tobacco Control, 13, 206.

Cinciripini, P.M., Wetter, D.W., Tomlinson, G.E., Tsoh, J.Y., De Moor, C.A., Cinciripini, L.G., et al. (2004). The effects of the DRD2 polymorphism on smoking cessation and negative affect: Evidence for a phamacogenetic effect on mood. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, 229-239.

Carter, B.L., Long, T.Y., Cinciripini, P.M. (2004). A meta-analytic review of the CYP2A6 genotype and smoking behavior. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, 221-227.

Majority of smokers are in precontemplation stage

This study described the proportion of U.S. daily smokers, 18 and older, by stage of change. Cross-sectional data were collected via telephone or face-to-face interview in daily smokers who responded to the Current Population Survey in 1992-1993 (n = 39,706), 1995-1996 (n = 34,865), or 1998-1999 (n = 30,153). Main outcomes included stage of change: (1) Precontemplation-not interested in quitting smoking in next 6 months; (2) Contemplation-interested in quitting smoking in next 6 months but not next 30 days; (3) Preparation-interested in quitting smoking in next 30 days and stopped at least 1 day during past year. RESULTS: During 1992-1993, 59.1% of respondents were precontemplators, 33.2% contemplators, and 7.7% were in preparation stage. This distribution was similar in the two subsequent surveys (1995-1996; 1998-1999). Gender differences were not apparent. Whites were more likely to be precontemplators. As education and income increased, the percentage in precontemplation decreased. Rural residents were more likely in precontemplation and less frequently in preparation. CONCLUSIONS: Among daily smokers, little movement in stage of change was apparent in the United States during the 1990s. Tobacco control efforts must receive high priority to address these static patterns. 

Wewers ME, Stillman FA, Hartman AM, Shopland DR. (2003). Distribution of daily smokers by stage of change: Current Population Survey results. Preventive Medicine, 36, 710-720. 

Cutting number of cigarettes per day increased carbon monoxide exposure per cigarette

Does reducing number of cigarettes per day reduce exposure to contents of cigarette smoke? Purposes of this investigation were to examine differences in smoke exposure across three smoking conditions: usual number of cigarettes, restricted (50%) and increased (167%) simulating restricted and unrestricted cigarette availability. A repeated-measures counterbalanced design with a sample of 25 women (13 African Americans; 12 Caucasians) was implemented with a 6-day inpatient protocol conducted in the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC). There were significantly larger percentage increases in carbon monoxide (CO) post-cigarette in the reduced number of cigarettes condition compared to usual and increased condition. Women with baseline cotinine/cigarette ratios >20 ng/ml/cigarette, considered “efficient smokers”, had significantly higher CO increases post-cigarette at baseline than participants with lower cotinine/cigarette ratios, yet increased this exposure further during the restricted condition. Efficient smokers had significantly higher nicotine boost in the restricted condition compared to less efficient smokers. Differences by ethnicity were also noted with significantly higher CO percentage increases pre- to post-cigarette in African Americans across all conditions, compared to Caucasians. Levels of smoke exposure post-cigarette in persons who reduce cigarettes per day in response to restricted cigarette availability may be substantial.

Ahijevych K, Weed HG, Clarke J. (2004). Levels of cigarette availability and exposure in Black and White women and efficient smokers. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 77, 685-694

Smoking cessation with nicotine inhaler in an over-the-counter setting is improved with health care provider visits

520 smokers were randomly assigned to nicotine inhaler by over-the counter (OTC) or health care provider group. Smoking quit rates for health care provider group were 2 to 3 times higher than those in the OTC group. At 12 months after starting the study, about 3% of the health care provider group had quit compared to less than 1% of those in the OTC group. OTC nicotine inhaler use was low. Implications: when prescribing nicotine inhaler, appropriate health care provider follow-up is important.

Leischow SJ, Ranger-Moore J, Muramoto ML, Matthews E (2004). Effectiveness of the Nicotine Inhaler for Smoking Cessation in an OTC Setting. Am J Health Behavior, 28(4),291-301.

College women smokers and dieting concerns, alcohol use, and depressed mood

Do women begin smoking in college? Who is more likely to do so? A survey of women’s health behaviors was administered to freshmen women at orientation, the end of their freshman year and during their senior year. As seniors, about three-fourths of women were never smokers. Of the 25% who were smokers (n=116), half of those began smoking during college. Risk factors for smoking initiation were increased depression during the first year of college, dieting concerns and alcohol-related problems. Clinical implications include smoking prevention efforts for nonsmokers with dieting issues and depression early in college. Addressing both alcohol use and smoking is warranted.

Saules KK, Pomerleau CS, Snedecor SM, Mehringer AM, Shadle MB, Kurth C, Krah DD. (2004). Relationship of onset of cigarette smoking during college to alcohol use, dieting concerns, and depressed mood: Results from the Young Women’s Health Survey. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 893-899.

Office-Based Interventions for Youth Tobacco Use

The authors provide an excellent review and summary of tobacco use as a serious pediatric issue and detail the current tobacco treatment practices of pediatric and family practice clinicians incorporating current research applicable to youth. The 5 A’s – ask, advise, assess willingness to quit, assist in quitting, and arrange follow-up are described with adolescent differences and similarities to adults identified.

Pbert L, Moolchan ET, Muramoto M, Winickoff JP, Curry S, Lando H, Ossip-Klein D, Prokhorov AV, DiFranza J, Klein JD. (2003). The state of office-based interventions for youth tobacco use. Pediatrics, 111, e650-e660.